How To Fix Error “TypeError: a bytes-like object is required, not ‘str'” In Python

Posted on by Thomas Valen
TypeError: a bytes-like object is required, not ‘str’ in python

If you are getting the Error “TypeError: a bytes-like object is required, not ‘str'” in Python while coding, let’s follow this article. We will give you some ways to fix it.

What is the cause of this error?

The TypeError occurs when you apply a specific operation to the value of the incorrect type.

Look at the example below to learn more about this problem.

print('Hello everyone,' + ' I am crvt' + 4722 + '.')

Output

print('Hello everyone,'+' I am crvt'+4722+'.')
TypeError: can only concatenate str (not "int") to str

This Error occurred when you used the operator ‘+’ to add str and int types.

This Error generally occurs when you open a file in binary format instead of text format.

Look at the example below:

# Create a file named 'data' to write the file's content
createdFile = open("data.txt", "w+")
createdFile.write("Hello\n")
createdFile.write("everyone\n")
createdFile.write("I am crvt4722.\n")
createdFile.write("Learn To Share IT")
createdFile.close()

# Reading data.txt file by the binary format
with open("data.txt", "rb") as file:
    data = file.readlines()

for x in data:
    if "Hello" in x:
        print(x)

Output

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "code.py", line 14, in <module>
    if "Hello" in x:
TypeError: a bytes-like object is required, not 'str'

Fixing error “TypeError: a bytes-like object is required, not ‘str'” in Python

Solution 1: Reading file in the text format

Syntax:

Parameters:

  • fileName: The name or the path of the file.

Let’s check the following code:

# Create a file named 'data' to write the file's content
createdFile = open("data.txt", "w+")
createdFile = open("data.txt", "w+")
createdFile.write("Hello\n")
createdFile.write("everyone\n")
createdFile.write("I am crvt4722.\n")
createdFile.write("Learn To Share IT")
createdFile.close()

# Reading data.txt file by the binary format
with open("data.txt", "r") as file:
    data = file.readlines()

for x in data:
    if "Hello" in x:
        print(x)

Output:

Hello

Solution 2: Converting to byte objects

Using the prefix ‘b’ before the String.

Syntax:

b'content'

Parameters:

  • content: The content of the String.

This is how we do it to fix error:

# Create a file named 'data' to write the file's content
createdFile = open("data.txt", "w+")
createdFile.write("Hello\n")
createdFile.write("everyone\n")
createdFile.write("I am crvt4722.\n")
createdFile.write("Learn To Share IT")
createdFile.close()

# Reading data.txt file in binary format
with open("data.txt", "rb") as file:
    data = file.readlines()

for x in data:
    if b"Hello" in x:
        print(x)

Output

b'Hello\n'

Summary

These solutions can help you fix the Error: TypeError: a bytes-like object is required, not ‘str’ In Python. To fix this problem, you can read the file in the text format or convert it to byte Objects. Choose the solution that is the most suitable for you. We hope this tutorial is helpful to you. Have an exciting learning experience. Thanks!

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