To fix the NameError: name ‘random’ is not defined in Python, you can use the following: import the random module before using it or use the numpy.random module. Please read the following article for details.
What causes the NameError: name ‘random’ is not defined in Python?
Python provides a random module that is extremely easy to deal with random numbers. The Random module implements a pseudo-random number generator and contains functions that allow us to deal directly with randomness.
‘NameError’ is an error when you use a variable, function, or module that is not declared or you are not using it properly.
NameError: name ‘random’ is not defined happens because you don’t import the random module before using it.
Example:
# Use the random() function result = random.random() print(result)
Output:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "code.py", line 2, in <module>
result = random.random()
NameError: name 'random' is not definedHow to solve the NameError: name ‘random’ is not defined in Python?
Import the “random” module
Example:
- Import requests from random Python packages (this is an important step you need to remember as it is the cause of this error).
import random
# Use the random() function
result1 = random.random()
print('Random output from random() function:', result1)
# Use the randint() function
result2 = random.randint(0,5)
print('Random output from randin() function:', result2)
# Use the randrange() function
result3 = random.randrange(2,7,2)
print('Random output from randrange() function:', result3)Output:
Random output from random() function: 0.6993824842072576
Random output from randin() function: 5
Random output from randrange() function: 6The random.randint() method takes two arguments, a range from 0 to 5, and returns a random number from that range.
The random() method generates a random float in the range (0.0, 1.0).
The random.randint() method takes two arguments representing the range from which the method draws a random integer.
Import random from the numpy module
You can use the numpy.random module to solve this problem.
Example:
from numpy import random
# Use the numpy.randint() function
result1 = random.randint(2, size=10)
print('Random output from numpy.randint() function:', result1)
# Use the numpy.rand() function
result2 = random.rand(3,2)
print('Random output from numpy.rand() function:', result2)
# Use the numpy.random() function
result3 = random.random(3)
print('Random output from numpy.random() function:', result3)Output:
Random output from numpy.randint() function: [0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0]
Random output from numpy.rand() function:
[[0.74079175 0.13131399]
[0.16306477 0.04369934]
[0.530455 0.90342889]]
Random output from numpy.random() function: [0.9458757 0.14450404 0.3792123 ]In the example above:
- The function numpy.random.randint returns a numpy array of random integers from low (inclusive) to high (exclude).
- numpy.random.rand returns a numpy array of random values in a given shape.
- numpy.random.random returns a numpy array of random numbers in the range [0.0, 1.0).
Summary
I have shown the causes and given some solutions to fix the NameError: name ‘random’ is not defined in Python. This is a pretty simple bug in Python. I hope you can fix it as soon as possible. Thanks for reading!
Maybe you are interested:
- NameError: name ‘true’ is not defined in Python
- NameError: name ‘reduce’ is not defined in Python
- NameError: name ‘json’ is not defined in Python
My name is Jason Wilson, you can call me Jason. My major is information technology, and I am proficient in C++, Python, and Java. I hope my writings are useful to you while you study programming languages.
Name of the university: HHAU
Major: IT
Programming Languages: C++, Python, Java
