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How to solve “NameError: name 'subprocess' is not defined” in Python - LearnShareIT

How to solve “NameError: name ‘subprocess’ is not defined” in Python

Subprocess is a great module that supports running new processes from your Python program and returning their codes. But you need to know how to use this module correctly, or else issues may occur. A common error of subprocess is “NameError: name ‘subprocess’ is not defined” in Python. In this article, we will go together to learn the cause and solutions for it!

What is the cause of the “NameError: name ‘subprocess’ is not defined” in Python?

You may call a function from a subprocess in your Python program. For example, you use: 

subprocess.Popen('test subprocess feature', shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)

And an error happens:

NameError: name 'subprocess' is not defined

NameError is a common Python error type that is very easy to fix. There are 2 possible causes for this issue:

You have not imported the subprocess module in Python

Technically, this problem is an error from the user. As mentioned, the subprocess is a module in Python. Therefore, you have to import this module to your program in order to take advantage of its functions and methods. There is no way you can use the subprocess without importing it first.

You have another file named “subprocess.py”

You are sure that you have written the command “import subprocess”. However, the NameError: name ‘subprocess’ is not defined still happens. The reason is you may have another file, which you name “subprocess.py”. In this case, your Python program imports your file instead of Python’s existing subprocess module.

How to solve this error?

Follow the 2 steps below to fix the “NameError: name ‘subprocess’ is not defined” in Python!

Step 1: Rename any file that is called “subprocess.py”

Don’t let any file named "subprocess.py". You should search for all the files that have this name and rename them. Python will not add wrong files instead of the subprocess module by accident anymore. Your program can then work properly.

Step 2: Import the module subprocess

The most important job you need to do is import the module to your program. You need to put the command: “import subprocess" in one of the very first lines of your Python file. Make sure that you import the module outside of all functions and coding schemes. If doing this way, you just have to import a subprocess once for the entire program.

Here is how you import subprocess in Python:

#import subprocess in your Python file!
import subprocess

On the other hand, you can just import functions you need to use from the subprocess module. The command you use is: "from subprocess import [function]". If doing this way, you don’t have to write "import subprocess" anymore. But Python will not allow you to use all subprocess functions except the ones you have imported.

Here is the sample:

#import a function from subprocess in your Python file
from subprocess import run
run(["ls", "-l"])

Summary

I have identified the cause of “NameError: name ‘subprocess’ is not defined” in Python and found the solutions for this issue. The most common cause of this error is that many Python developers often forget to import a module into their program.

Hopefully after reading this guide you will never encounter this error again. I hope that you will create a good Python programs using the subprocess module!

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