If you are looking for a function to calculate the natural logarithm of a number, do not miss this article. Today, we will introduce you to the ln() function in R to find the value of the natural logarithm.
Natural logarithm
Natural logarithm of a number x: ln(x) is the logarithm with base e (e = 2.7182…) .
If ln(x) = a we can calculate x = e^a where e^a is the exponential function.
The natural logarithm function is defined as:
ln(x) = \int\limits_{1}^{x} \frac{dt}{t} for x > 0
The ln() function
The ln() function in R calculates the value of the natural logarithm or the logarithm base e of a number.
Syntax:
ln(x)
Parameter:
- x: A number or a vector of numbers
Some examples of the ln() function
Calculate the natural logarithm of an integer
First, we will take an example of using the ln() function to calculate the natural logarithm of an integer.
Code:
# Import required library
library("SciViews")
# Declare an integer
myInt <- 3
cat("Natural logarithm of", myInt, "is:", ln(myInt))Result:
Natural logarithm of 3 is: 1.098612Calculate the natural logarithm of a float
We can also use the ln() function to find the value of the natural logarithm of a float.
Code:
# Import required library
library("SciViews")
# Declare a float
myFloat <- 22.6
cat("Natural logarithm of", myFloat, "is:", ln(myFloat))Result:
Natural logarithm of 22.6 is: 3.11795Calculate the natural logarithm of a vector
There is no problem if you apply the ln() function to a vector of numbers. Let’s see the example below.
Code:
# Import required library
library("SciViews")
# Declare a vector of numbers
v <- c(1, 4.2, 2.6, 7, 2)
cat("Natural logarithm of the vector are", ln(v))Result:
Natural logarithms of the vector are 0 1.435085 0.9555114 1.94591 0.6931472Equivalent function to calculate the natural logarithm
Because ln() is the logarithm base e, we can use the log() function with the base exp(1) as an alternative function. We will take an example and make a comparison.
Code:
# Import required library
library("SciViews")
# Declare an integer
x <- 3
cat("Calculate the natural logarithm by the ln() function:", ln(x))
cat("\nCalculate the natural logarithm by the log() function with base exp(1):", log(x, base = exp(1)))Result:
Calculate the natural logarithm by the ln() function: 1.098612
Calculate the natural logarithm by the log() function with base exp(1): 1.098612Summary
In summary, the ln() function calculates the natural logarithm of a number in R. We can apply the function to an integer, float, or vector of numbers.
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My name is Robert Collier. I graduated in IT at HUST university. My interest is learning programming languages; my strengths are Python, C, C++, and Machine Learning/Deep Learning/NLP. I will share all the knowledge I have through my articles. Hope you like them.
Name of the university: HUST
Major: IT
Programming Languages: Python, C, C++, Machine Learning/Deep Learning/NLP