Today, we will learn about symbols in R together. If you want to know what those ways are, the syntax, and how to use them, let’s follow this article to the end.
Why do we use symbols in R?
There are many ways for the graph to be more beautiful and the blog has more views … One of the ways doing this is to add symbols to the graph, and R provides a package or function to draw symbols quickly. Here we are going to learn about it together.
How to use symbols in R
Plot symbols with ‘pch’
The plotting character or call it a pch, and it is used to modify the points’ symbols with pch parameters that can be selected numbers from 1 to 25. Besides, we can set the size of the symbols with the cex argument and the line width with the lwd argument. See the code below.
x0 <- c(sapply(seq(5, 25, 5), function(i) rep(i, 5)))
y0 <- rep(seq(25, 5, -5), 5)
plot(x0, y0, pch = 1:20, cex = 2, yaxt = "n", ylim = c(2, 26),
xaxt = "n", xlim = c(2, 26), lwd = 1:2)
text(x0 - 1.2, y0 + 0.05, 1:20)Output:
We can set the background with the bg argument.
x0 <- c(sapply(seq(5, 25, 5), function(i) rep(i, 5)))
y0 <- rep(seq(25, 5, -5), 5)
plot(x0, y0, pch = 1:20, cex = 2, yaxt = "n", ylim = c(2, 26),
xaxt = "n", xlim = c(2, 26), lwd = 1:2,
bg = 1:25, col = rainbow(30), ann = FALSE)
text(x0 - 1.2, y0 + 0.05, 1:20)
Output:
So, we can perform the iris dataset by the method above as follows:
# Set up color
color <- c("#33CC33", "#0099FF", "#FF0000")
color <- color[as.numeric(iris$Species)]
# Set up shape
shape = c(19, 18, 17)
shape <- shape[as.numeric(iris$Species)]
# Plot
plot(x = iris$Sepal.Length, y = iris$Sepal.Width,
lwd = 1, ces = 1, main = "Species of Iris",
col = color, pch = shape,
xlab = "Length", ylab = "Width", cex = 2)
legend("topright", legend = levels(iris$Species),
col = c("#33CC33", "#0099FF", "#FF0000"),
pch = c(19, 18, 17))Output:
Plot symbols with symbols function
We can use the symbols function to draw circles, squares, and stars …
First, we need to add a graphics package before running the program. If you don’t know, click here.
Syntax:
symbols(x, y = NULL, circles, squares, rectangles, stars, thermometers, ...)
Parameters:
- x, y: The x,y coordinate.
- circles, squares, rectangles, stars, thermometers: The shape you want to plot.
- …: Another argument, e.g.: xlab, ylab, bg, lwd, …
Code example:
# Set up a package if you don't have
if(!require('graphics')) {
install.packages('graphics')
library('graphics')
}
require(stats); require(grDevices)
x <- 1:8
y <- sort(8 * runif(8))
z <- runif(8)
zz <- cbind(z, 2 * runif(8), runif(8))
with(trees, {
option <- palette(rainbow(30, end = 1.0))
symbols(xlab = "",ylab = "",x = Height, y = Volume,
circles = Girth/16, inches = FALSE,
lwd = 1.5, bg = 1:30,
fg = "white", main = "Symbols")
palette(option)
})Output:
Summary
Congratulations! We already know how to use symbols in R. We hope this article helps you. If you have any questions, please comment below. We will answer as possible. Thank you for reading!
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